1. Apoptosis TGF-beta/Smad Stem Cell/Wnt NF-κB Anti-infection
  2. Apoptosis PKA NF-κB Bacterial Fungal Antibiotic
  3. Gliotoxin

Gliotoxin  (Synonyms: Aspergillin)

目录号: HY-N6727 纯度: 98.76%
COA 产品使用指南

Gliotoxin 是一种次生代谢产物,是 A. fumigatus 分泌的最丰富的霉菌毒素,抑制巨噬细胞的吞噬作用和其他免疫细胞的免疫功能。Gliotoxin 通过阻止 IκB 降解来抑制诱导型 NF-κB 活性,从而诱导宿主细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。 Gliotoxin 可以激活 PKA 并增加细胞内 cAMP 浓度,调节肌动蛋白细胞骨架重排以促进 A. fumigatus 内化到肺上皮细胞。Gliotoxin 也是 NOTCH2 转录激活抑制剂,可有效诱导慢性淋巴细胞白血病 (CLL) 细胞凋亡。

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Gliotoxin Chemical Structure

Gliotoxin Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 67-99-2

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Customer Review

  • 生物活性

  • 纯度 & 产品资料

  • 参考文献

生物活性

Gliotoxin is a secondary metabolite, the most abundant mycotoxin secreted by A. fumigatus, inhibits the phagocytosis of macrophages and the immune functions of other immune cells [1]. Gliotoxin inhibits inducible NF-κB activity by preventing IκB degradation, which consequently induces host-cell apoptosis[2]. Gliotoxin activates PKA and increases intracellular cAMP concentration; modulates actin cytoskeleton rearrangement to facilitate A. fumigatus internalization into lung epithelial cells[3]. Gliotoxin is a potent NOTCH2 transactivation inhibitor, can effectively induce apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells[4].

体外研究
(In Vitro)

Gliotoxin (50 ng/ml,48 小时) 通过诱导 cofilin 磷酸化和肌动蛋白骨架重排,促进 Aspergillus fumigatus 被 A549 II 型人肺泡上皮细胞内化[3]
Gliotoxin (2.5%、5%、10%、20% 含有 Gliotoxin 的 Aspergillus fumigatus 培养滤液,16小时) 通过 Bak依赖机制和caspase 3 的激活诱导 EL4 胸腺瘤细胞凋亡,导致磷脂酰丝氨酸易位和细胞死亡[5]

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis[3]

Cell Line: A549 type II human pneumocytes
Concentration: 50 ng/ml
Incubation Time: 48 hours
Result: Induced cofilin phosphorylation, promoting actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and facilitating internalization of Aspergillus fumigatus.
体内研究
(In Vivo)

Gliotoxin(50 ng/ml,鼻内给药,单次给药)通过促进肺组织入侵并增加真菌负荷,增强了 Hydrocortisone (HY-N0583) 诱导的免疫抑制 C57BL/6 小鼠模型中 Aspergillus fumigatus 的侵袭性[3]
Gliotoxin(鼻内给药,单次给药)显著增加了 Hydrocortisone (HY-N0583) 诱导的免疫抑制 BALB/c 和 129/Sv 小鼠模型中的肺部真菌负荷和死亡率,增强了 Aspergillus fumigatus 的毒力[4]

MCE has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Hydrocortisone (HY-N0583)-induced immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice[3]
Dosage: 50 ng/ml
Administration: Intranasal administration, single dose
Result: Helped the gliP mutant strain (which cannot produce Gliotoxin) invade lung tissues, leading to increased fungal burden in the lungs of immunosuppressed mice.
Animal Model: Hydrocortisone (HY-N0583)-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c and 129/Sv mouse models[4]
Dosage: Gliotoxin concentration not explicitly mentioned, present in Aspergillus fumigatus culture filtrates
Administration: Intranasal administration of culture filtrates containing gliotoxin, single dose
Result: Increased lung tissue fungal burden and mortality in immunosuppressed mice. The gliP deletion strain, which cannot produce gliotoxin, showed reduced virulence.
分子量

326.39

Formula

C13H14N2O4S2

CAS 号
性状

固体

颜色

White to off-white

结构分类
初始来源

Aspergillus fumigatus

运输条件

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

储存方式
Powder -20°C 3 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
-20°C 1 month
溶解性数据
细胞实验: 

DMF 中的溶解度 : 5 mg/mL (15.32 mM; 超声加热助溶)

DMSO 中的溶解度 : 5 mg/mL (15.32 mM; 超声加热助溶; 吸湿的 DMSO 对产品的溶解度有显著影响,请使用新开封的 DMSO)

配制储备液
浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.0638 mL 15.3191 mL 30.6382 mL
5 mM 0.6128 mL 3.0638 mL 6.1276 mL
查看完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C储存时,请在6个月内使用,-20°C储存时,请在1个月内使用。

  • 摩尔计算器

  • 稀释计算器

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

质量
=
浓度
×
体积
×
分子量 *

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

浓度 (start)

C1

×
体积 (start)

V1

=
浓度 (final)

C2

×
体积 (final)

V2

动物溶解方案计算器
请输入动物实验的基本信息:

给药剂量

mg/kg

动物的平均体重

g

每只动物的给药体积

μL

动物数量

由于实验过程有损耗,建议您多配一只动物的量
计算结果
工作液所需浓度 : mg/mL
纯度 & 产品资料

纯度: 99.51%

参考文献

完整储备液配制表

* 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液;一旦配成溶液,请分装保存,避免反复冻融造成的产品失效
储备液的保存方式和期限:-80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month。-80°C储存时,请在6个月内使用,-20°C储存时,请在1个月内使用。

可选溶剂 浓度 溶剂体积 质量 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMF / DMSO 1 mM 3.0638 mL 15.3191 mL 30.6382 mL 76.5955 mL
5 mM 0.6128 mL 3.0638 mL 6.1276 mL 15.3191 mL
10 mM 0.3064 mL 1.5319 mL 3.0638 mL 7.6595 mL
15 mM 0.2043 mL 1.0213 mL 2.0425 mL 5.1064 mL
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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